![]() Thumbnail: The four giant planets in our solar system all have hydrogen atmospheres, but the warm gas giants, Jupiter and Saturn, have tan, beige, red, and white clouds that are thought to be composed of ammonia ice particles with various colorants called “chromophores.” The blue-tinted ice giants, Uranus and Neptune, are much colder and covered in methane ice clouds. We do not know the origin of Jupiter's cloud colors. In the upper atmospheres, hydrocarbons and other trace compounds are produced by photochemistry. Deeper (invisible) cloud layers consist of water and possibly ammonium hydrosulfide (Jupiter and Saturn) and hydrogen sulfide (Neptune). Their atmospheres contain small quantities of methane and ammonia gas, both of which also condense to form clouds.
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